The Biblical Mind

How Brazilians Understand the Bible Differently (Caio Peres)

How does our social location affect the way we read the Bible and worship? For the ancient Israelites, who lived in a subsistence-level agrarian society, the Torah, worship in the temple, daily work, and social justice were intimately intertwined. Scripture resists our urge to separate the sacred from the secular, our worship of God from our treatment of those around us.
For Caio Peres, an independent researcher and missionary, the daily realities of trauma and poverty in Brazil provide a lens through which to view Scripture's concern for social flourishing. Caio holds an MA in Theology and Religious Studies from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and strives not just to work for or with the impoverished in his community, but to share life with them. In this episode, he discusses the culture of ancient Israel, the motifs of sacrifice in the Torah and New Testaments, and the connection the biblical authors draw between worship in the Tabernacle and the structure of the cosmos. He concludes with thoughts on addressing trauma through living alongside people, understanding their experiences, and sharing their embodied reality via Christian rituals.
Show notes:
0:00 Ordinary life and worshipping God
3:20 The Torah's lack of a sacred/secular divide
8:18 Sacrificial motifs in the New Testament
14:00 Practicing biblical theology in Brazil
19:20 Living with people in extreme poverty in Brazil
22:47 How Christians should address trauma
26:41 Our social location and how we read the Bible
Articles Caio has written for The Biblical Mind:
Family Conflicts and the Restoration of the Cosmos, Part I: Morality amid Oppression and Humility (available in Portuguese)
Family Conflicts and the Restoration of the Cosmos, Part II: Kingship and Servanthood within the Elected Family (available in Portuguese)
Show notes by Micah Long.
Credits for the music used in TBM podcast can be found at: hebraicthought.org/credits.

Biblical Artist Series: Why John Hendrix Draws in Church

Could drawing in church actually be a good thing? John Hendrix thinks so. John is a New York Times bestselling author, widely published illustrator, and Professor of Art at the Sam Fox School of Art and Design at Washington University in St. Louis. For John, drawing is far from a distraction in church; it's a way of sharpening his concentration, enlivening new concepts, and worshiping his Creator.
In this episode, John draws from his experience as a committed Christian and an illustrator. Interviewed by Dr. Dru Johnson and Ned Bustard, a previous guest in the Biblical Artist podcast series, John explores his sketchbook of church sermons, differentiates between font and typeface, and introduces us to the idea of gestalt. Along the way, he shares why he eschews the title of "artist" and why he prefers to be called an illustrator or designer. He gives advice to budding professional or nonprofessional artists. As we delve into biblical thinking, we can discover how art and its powerful tools of imagery and metaphor can shape our minds to understand new truths.
Show notes:
0:00 Getting to know John Hendrix
2:03 Reading culture and creating typefaces
9:05 Discussing John's "Cain" piece (the featured image of this post)
14:02 Sketching in church
18:40 Illustration, metaphor, and Scripture
25:15 What's wrong with the title of "artist"
29:19 Advice for artists
Learn more about John Hendrix and his work.
View John's sketchbook.
Some of John's recent books:
Go and Do Likewise (forthcoming)
Miracle Man: The Story of Jesus
The Faithful Spy: Dietrich Bonhoeffer and the Plot to Kill Hitler
Show notes by Micah Long
Credits for the music used in TBM podcast can be found at: hebraicthought.org/credits.

Wandering in the Wilderness: COVID-19 and the Book of Numbers (Dave Beldman)

Professors and pastors alike often hear groans when they begin to teach the book of Numbers—and who can blame them? The title makes it sound like the records of the Ancient Israelite Census Bureau. Even biblical scholars often refer to it as the "the junk room of the Pentateuch." However, upon closer study, this book reveals itself to be profound and relevant for our modern world—including our current wandering in the wilderness during the COVID-19 pandemic and a time of political frustration.
In this episode, Dr. David Beldman, Associate Professor of Religion and Theology at Redeemer University, talks with Dr. Dru Johnson about the book of Numbers and its motif of wandering in the wilderness. They discuss the book's original Hebrew name, literary elements, and tripartite structure. From there, they identify how wilderness-wandering applies to the stories and teachings of the New Testament. As we examine the ancient people of God in the wilderness, perhaps we can find guidance for navigating the challenges and tests for the world in 2020.
Show notes:
0:00 Exodus, Numbers, trauma, and distorted views of the past
3:42 COVID-19 and the book of Numbers
8:24 "Wandering in the wilderness"
11:12 The literary structure of the book of Numbers
17:33 The wilderness motif in the New Testament
22:36 Balak, Balaam, and Revelation
27:04 The people of God in the Bible and now
Learn more about Dr. Beldman and his work.
His most recent book: Deserting the King: The Book of Judges
An article he wrote for The Biblical Mind: "Biblical Culture-Making: How Sacred Order Shapes Social Order"
Show notes by Micah Long.
Credits for the music used on TBM podcast can be found at: hebraicthought.org/credits.

Not a "White Man's Religion": Church History and Biblical Thought (Vince Bantu)

Western Christians tend to emphasize Western church history and culture at the expense of the global church. Many have cursory understanding of the Greek Orthodox tradition, but know little about early Christianity in Asia and Africa. This ignorance of church history leads to more than just historical inaccuracy; it can alienate those of other nationalities and ethnicities with a false portrayal of Christianity as a European- or white-only religion.
In this episode, Dr. Dru Johnson interviews Dr. Vince Bantu of Fuller Seminary about global church history. They give special attention to the origins and spread of Christianity in Egypt, Nubia, and the broader African continent. Along the way, they highlight Western misunderstandings of non-Western Christology and the issue of racism in the ancient world. By expanding our perspective beyond our own historical and cultural tradition, Western Christians can improve our ability to truly preach the gospel to all nations.
Show notes:
0:00 Contextualization and interpretation of Scripture
2:10 The global nature of Christianity
4:07 The origins of African Christianity
12:32 The spread of Christianity in Nubia
15:03 The schism between the Roman and Ethiopian churches
19:06 Racism in the ancient world
22:22 Athanasius, Arianism, and the Egyptian church
25:50 The importance of the non-Western church
33:00 The "cultural elasticity" of the gospel
Learn more about Dr. Bantu and his work.
Show notes by Micah Long.
 

Biblical Artist Series: Jon Collins from BibleProject

Dr. Dru Johnson and Celina Durgin talk with Jon Collins, Co-Founder of BibleProject, about using animated videos to teach viewers how to read the Bible. BibleProject is a nonprofit animation studio with the goal of helping people become students of biblical literature through short explainer-style videos. In this episode, Jon provides a window into their creative process, from background research, to designing the images, to creating soundscapes.
Along the way, they discuss the broader role of art in helping us understand Scripture. Jon describes the difficulties of presenting a complex and difficult idea in a fun and interesting way, and how to solve these difficulties with certain artistic choices, such as a dialogue script and accurate representation of biblical characters. They also explore the "Prince of Egypt problem," how BibleProject seeks to unify the church, and even Gilmore Girls.
Show notes:
0:00 Understanding biblical themes
3:43 Researching a BibleProject video
7:09 How art can help us understand Scripture
10:47 Stylistic inspirations for BibleProject
15:18 Avoiding the "Prince of Egypt problem"
21:52 Using dialogue in explainer videos
24:57 Sound editing
27:08 The greatest contributions of BibleProject
29:38 Creating students of biblical literature
Videos mentioned in the episode:
The Wisdom Series (Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Job)
The Test
Biblical Themes Series
Show notes by Micah Long.
Credits for the music used in this episode can be found at: hebraicthought.org/credits.

Biblical Literacy for Flourishing in Faith and Work (Luke Bobo)

Many American Christians assume an over-familiarity with the Bible. Whether because we were raised in the church, or because we think we have it all figured out, or because of sheer laziness, we rarely turn to Scripture with diligent and curious eyes, guided by a community of other Bible-readers. At the same time, we often erect barriers between our faith and work or between the state of our souls and the state of our bodies. Perhaps the two issues are connected: we see the Bible and our churches as dealing with spiritual things but tend to isolate them from our everyday lives.
Dr. Luke Bobo is an author, theologian, professor, and Director of Strategic Partnerships for an organization called Made to Flourish. His work ranges from encouraging biblical literacy among everyday churchgoers to helping pastors think holistically about the interaction between faith and work, including implications for poverty alleviation. In this episode, Dr. Dru Johnson interviews Dr. Bobo about biblical interpretation and the dignity of work. Dr. Bobo wants us to do two things: first, dive deeper into Scripture, and second, figure out how the church can serve in the economic order.
Questions addressed include: How can Christians develop an asset-based approach to ministry, instead of a need-based one? How can churches work in concert with the biblical story the affirm the dignity of work? What does an economically flourishing church look like? How Christians read the Bible better?
Show notes:
0:26 The basics of the Bible and biblical interpretation
3:50 Practices that help and hinder biblical literacy
7:18 Interpretation through your social location
11:57 Interpretation as an individual and communal exercise
17:19 Made to Flourish and the dignity of work
22:16 Helping pastors think about vocation
32:00 The church as an economic agent
Learn more about Dr. Luke Bobo's writing and work at Made to Flourish.
Dr. Bobo's book A Layperson's Guide to Biblical Interpretation: A Means to Know the Personal God
Show notes by Micah Long.

Re-Thinking Wisdom Literature in the Bible (Will Kynes)

Since the 19th century, the term "wisdom literature" has been associated specifically with the books of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Job. When we look for wisdom in the Bible, then, we will often turn to these books. However, to divorce these works from the larger biblical corpus may have blinded us to their fuller narrative context and prevented us from seeing wisdom in other stories, poetry, and laws of Scripture.
Will Kynes, Associate Professor of Biblical and Religious Studies at Samford University, wants to broaden and challenge our understanding of wisdom and wisdom literature in the Hebrew Bible. In this episode, he talks with Dr. Dru Johnson about the Hebrew context for wisdom in the Bible, including 1 Kings, Deuteronomy, Genesis 1–3, and even contemporary Egyptian texts. Instead of limiting ourselves to the modern definitions of wisdom, perhaps we can begin to read Scripture on its own terms and enrich our understanding of its persistent and complex wisdom tradition.
Show notes:
0:28 The problem with the way we think of wisdom in the Bible
2:39 Different views of wisdom
6:38 Focusing on the concept of wisdom instead of "wisdom literature"
9:00 Understanding "the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom"
10:41 Reading 1 Kings 1-11 and Proverbs
17:15 Culturally-based versus universalized pictures of wisdom
23:26 The narrative framework of Scripture
25:19 A new word for "wisdom"?
28:13 Understanding Scripture on its own terms
For more of Will Kynes's work on wisdom in the Bible, check out An Obituary for "Wisdom Literature": The Birth, Death, and Intertextual Reintegration of a Biblical Corpus.
Will Kynes's Samford University page with bio and more writings.
Show notes by Micah Long.

How Old Testament Laws Can Shape Christians Today (Carmen Imes)

As we've already discussed on The Biblical Mind podcast, the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) is more than just a bunch of old stories with some laws thrown in. Instead, it is an interwoven collection of literature, carefully crafted to shape the Israelites into the people of YHWH. However, many people still regard the the Old Testament laws as inapplicable to modern Christianity. They may see the Israelite religion as a "religion of works" while seeing Christianity as a "religion of faith."
In this episode, Dr. Carmen Imes, Associate Professor of Old Testament at Prairie College in Alberta, Canada, talks with Dr. Dru Johnson about the role of the Old Testament laws. Fulfilling individual Old Testament laws is meant to shape the wisdom and character of God's people in response to God's already accomplished work of salvation. Dr. Imes talks about biblical oath-making, the difference between ancient and modern views of law codes, and how God secures his faithfulness by swearing on Himself. If we learn to read the law as an extension of our love for God, we can see how the practices and guidance of the Torah can shape our modern life as Christians.
Show notes:
0:00 Why the Torah isn't what gave salvation to the Israelites
2:28 Why there are rules in the Bible
7:44 Oath-making in the Hebrew Bible
13:07 What the Ten Commandments were really like
17:23 The uniqueness of the Hebraic covenants and Old Testament laws
25:04 What it means to "love the LORD your God with all your heart"
Carmen Imes's blog: Chastened Institutions
Her most recent book: Bearing God's Name: Why Sinai Still Matters
Show notes by Micah Long.

Critiquing the Church's Beliefs about Sex and Gender (Aimee Byrd)

Author and speaker Aimee Byrd believes that a close and careful reading of the biblical texts should inform the church's view on sex and gender. Instead of resorting to 21st-century (or 20th-century) Western models of gender and sex or going with our gut instincts, perhaps the church can craft a biblical theology of gender that both preserves the categories of man and women while affirming their active and necessary roles in creation.
In this episode, Aimee Byrd and Dr. Johnson discuss a theology of gender rooted in Scripture. Along the way, they examine some of the most negative assumptions about women within Protestantism, consider biblical portrayals of women, and discuss the self-sacrificial roles of both sexes. Questions answered include:
What does it mean to be a man or be a woman?
Is the term "gender roles" inherently damaging to a discussion of biblical masculinity and femininity?
What negative cultural assumptions about the body do we import into Scripture?
What is the significance of the marriage motif in Genesis and Revelation?
Show notes:
0:00 Contemporary debates about gender
2:45 Femininity and masculinity
7:33 Cultural assumptions about the body
8:58 Admirable women in the Bible
13:20 Negative assumptions about women within Protestantism
15:57 Developing a biblical theology of gender
23:03 Protection and self-sacrifice
29:00 Marriage in Scripture
Learn more about Aimee Byrd and her work.
Her most recent book: Recovering from Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
Show notes by Micah Long.

Shaping Habits and Imagination for Reading Scripture (Dr. Heath Thomas)

When people assume that they are already familiar with the Bible, they may fail to read it with a critical or careful eye (if at all). The truth is that Western people's imaginations are usually far more shaped by social media and the entertainment industry, or by even the Greco-Roman world, than by the structures and styles of the Bible. Hence, even faithful churchgoers often need additional guidance and practice reading Scripture to become biblically literate.
In this episode, Dr. Dru Johnson talks with Dr. Heath Thomas, President Professor of Old Testament at Oklahoma Baptist University, about how we should approach reading Scripture. Among other things, readers should consider the grammar, literary devices, motifs, and type-scenes that begin in the Torah and then unfold throughout the prophets and the New Testament. Reading Scripture well requires habituating one's imagination toward that of the authors and their conceptual worlds. When we are fully immersed in the texts, we can join the project of contextualizing and applying the Bible to the modern world.
Shownotes:
2:19 How the prophets re-contextualize the Torah in new situations
7:35 The kind of thinking required to live out God's law in new ways
12:03 How the New Testament retells the Torah like the minor prophets
14:42 Introducing Dr. Heath Thomas
17:10 Habituating ourselves to reading Scripture
21:18 How to combat biblical illiteracy through performance
30:42 Reading other literary works alongside Scripture
36:40 The complexity of the biblical narratives
Dr. Thomas's commentary on Habakkuk.
Dr. Thomas's work with the Hobbs College Library, an accessible collection of works that help people read Scripture.
 
Show notes by Micah Long.